Laboratory differentiation between streptococcus species isolated from different sources

This study was planned to throw light on the most important Streptococcus bacteria that isolated from the milk and pus and the most important laboratory tests that used in differentiation between the streptococcal bacterial species. This study was carried-out on a total number of 100 random samples of milk which were collected from different areas at Behera Governorate. Also. 100 pus samples from closed abscesses from different parts of cattle body where collected and examined bacteriologically for streptococcus introduction. Our results concluded that, the streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pyogenes are the most important bacterial isolates that causes severe losses to milk industry, also the streptococcus pyogenes of zoonotic importance as it transmitted to human. The catalase test, oxidatse test and heinolytic test are the main tests used for diagnosis and differentiation between streptococcus agaiactiae and streptococcus pyogenes. The bacitracin sensitivity test is main test for differentiation between streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pyogenes The results also indicated that the level of streptococcus agalactiae in milk higher than that of streptococcus pyogenes and reached to 7% and 3% for streptococcus agalctiae and pyogenes, while, in pus its levels reached to 0 and 40% for streptococcus agalactiae and pyogenes in pus. Also the results cleared that the PCR method for detection of mastitis considered as the best method

Epidemiological studies on highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 during late 2009 and 2010 in Egypt

Epidemiological studies on AI virus H5N1 in different governorates in Egypt [Alexandria, Bohera, Cairo, El-fayom, Gharbia, Giza and Dakahlia] during late 2009 and 2010 were carried out. These studies included seventy five flocks [49 broilers, 17 layer, 4 breeder and 5 duck flocks] showing high mortality rate with respiratory manifestations and diarrhea, through isolation in specific pathogen free eggs and identification by hemagglutination inhibition test using H5N1 antiserum. The data revealed the following: a percentage of 32.7%, 76.5%, 50% and 40% in broiler, layer, breeder and duck flocks respectively were positive for AIV H5N1. The highest incidence was recorded in layer flocks followed by broiler breeder flocks, duck then broiler flocks with total incidence of 44% in all species. Sequencing and phylogenetic tree of hemagglutinin [HA] gene of six positive AIV H5N1 isolates from chickens during 2010 were done. Phylogenetic tree showed that all HA gene sequences blonged to highly diverse clade 2.2.1 viruses according to WHO/FAO/OIE nomenclature. Analysis of amino acid sequences of HA glycoprotein revealed some mutations at the receptor binding site of the HA molecule